Minggu, 14 April 2013

Adverbial Clauses

An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb. In other words, it contains a subject (explicit or implied) and a predicate, and it modifies a verb.
  • I saw Joe when I went to the store. (explicit subject 2)
  • He sat quietly in order to appear polite. (implied subject he)
According to Sidney Greenbaum and Randolph Quirk, adverbial clauses function mainly as adjuncts or disjuncts. In these functions they are like adverbial phrases, but due to their potentiality for greater explicitness, they are more often like prepositional phrases (Greenbaum and Quirk,1990):
  • We left after the speeches ended. (adverbial clause)
  • We left after the end of the speeches. (adverbial prepositional phrase)
Contrast adverbial clauses with adverbial phrases, which do not contain a clause.
  • I like to fly kites for fun.
Adverbial clauses modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. For example:
  • Hardly had I reached the station when the train started to leave the platform.
The adverbial clause in this sentence is "when the train started to leave the platform" because it is a subordinate clause and because it has the trigger word (subordinate conjunction) "when".


Kind of Adverbial Clauses

 
 
Type of Clause
Function
Subordinate Conjunctions
Sentences
Time
These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event.
When
Her goldfish died when she
was young.
Before
Before he comes, she will turn
on the television.
After
We will study together after school
Since

She hasn’t listened to the radio since he came.
While
While he was watching to the television, she knocked at the door.
As
As he was reading newspaper, she turn on the television.
As long as
He will never come so long as she doesn’t call him.
Until
She stayed at home until he came.
Till
I'll wait till you finish.
Whenever
You should visit whenever you can.
Conditional
These clauses are used to talk about a possible or counterfactual situation and its consequences.
If
If you save some money, you can buy a new game
Unless

Unless you hurry, you will be
late for school.
Purpose
These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action.
So that

So that he would not ruin the carpet, he took off his shoes.
In order to
He ate vegetables in order to stay healthy.
In order that
He is going to make a registration in order that he can take course.
Reason
These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something.
Because
She passed the course because she worked hard.
Since
Since he has long hair, he wears a ponytail.
As
As they graduated, they were looking for jobs.
Result
These clauses are used to indicate the result of something.
So...that
My suitcase had become so
damaged on the journey home that
the lid would not stay closed.
Concession

These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with    the other or makes it seem surprising.
Although
Although you gave it your best, you did not win the match.
Even though
Even though you are 15, you
can’t go to that movie.
Though
Though he is poor, he is honest.
Place
These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something.
Where
He said he was happy where he was.
Wherever
Wherever there is music,
people will often dance.
Anywhere
I can’t find my blog from
anywhere in the world.
Everywhere
Everywhere she goes, she
brings a bag.
Comparison
Adverb as is a clause which states comparison.
As...as
Johan can speak English as
fluently as his teacher.
Manner
These clauses are used to talk about someone's behavior or the way something is done.
As
I was never allowed to do
things as I wanted to do them.
As if

He ate as if he were starving
for months.
As though
He cried as though he is in pain.